Dual role of polyamines in heart ischemia/reperfusion injury through regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore / 生理学报

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential polycations that play important roles in various physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian cells. The study was to investigate their role in cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Isolated hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were Langendorff-perfused and cardiac I/R was achieved by 30 min of global ischemia followed by 120 min of reperfusion. Different concentrations of polyamines (0.1, 1, 10, and 15 μmol/L of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine), cyclosporin A (0.2 μmol/L), or atractyloside (20 μmol/L) were given 10 min before the onset of reperfusion. The hemodynamics were monitored; the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the coronary effluent were measured spectrophotometrically; infarct size was determined by the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method; and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening was determined spectrophotometrically by the Ca-induced swelling of isolated cardiac mitochondria. The results showed that compared to I/R alone, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment improved heart function, reduced LDH release, decreased infarct size, and these effects were inhibited by atractyloside (MPTP activator). In isolated mitochondria from normal rats, 0.1 and 1 μmol/L polyamines treatment inhibited MPTP opening. However, 10 and 15 μmol/L polyamines treatment had the opposite effects, and these effects were inhibited by cyclosporin A (MPTP inhibitor). Our findings showed that polyamines may have either protective or damaging effects on hearts suffering from I/R by inhibiting or activating MPTP opening.

Effect of Yang-warming and Qi-tonifying Recipe on Colonic Aquaporin 3,8 Expression and Intestinal Motility of Loperamide-induced Constipation Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To observe the effect of Yang-warming and Qi-tonifying Recipe (YQP)on aquaporin 3(AQP3) and AQP8 in rats with slow transit constipation,and to explore its therapeutic mechanism. Methods Forty rats were randomly divided into modeling group(N=30)and normal control group(N = 10). After successful modeling by gastric gavage of loperamide,the modeled rats were randomly divided into model group,YQP group and Mosapride group,10 rats in each group,and were separately treated with corresponding medicine for 2 weeks. After treatment, the colonic transit function was measured by carbon propelling test. The protein levels of AQP3 and AQP8 were detected by immunohistochemistry and their mRNA expression levels were detected with real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Compared with the normal control group,the propelling rate of carbon particle in the model group was decreased,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of AQP3 and AQP8 were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the model group,the propelling rate of carbon particle of YQP group and mosapride group was significantly increased, and the protein and mRNA expression levels of AQP3 and AQP8 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between YQP group and mosapride group (P >0.05). Conclusion YQP had therapeutic effects on loperamide-induced constipation through decreasing the expression of AQP3 and AQP8 in the intestine,reducing the reabsorption of intestinal fluid, and increasing the fecal water content.

A study on toxic effects of sodium salicylate on rat cochlear spiral ganglion neurons: dopamine receptors mediate expressions of NMDA and GABAreceptors / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to observe whether dopamine receptor (DR) was involved in the effects of sodium salicylate (SS) on the expressions of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in rat cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Forty-eight hours after primary culture of rat SGNs, immunofluorescence technique was applied to detect expressions of DR1 and DR2, the two subtypes of dopamine receptors. Western blot was performed to assess NMDA receptor NR1 subunit and GABAreceptor subunit α2 (GABRα2) protein expressions in the SGNs after the treatments of SS alone or in combination with DR antagonists. The results demonstrated that: (1) The DR1 and DR2 were expressed in the bodies and axons of the SGN; (2) After the treatment with SS, the surface protein expressions of GABRα2 and NR1 were decreased by 44.69% and 21.57%, respectively, while the total protein expressions showed no significant changes; (3) Neither SS + SCH23390 (DR1 antagonist) group nor SS + Eticlopride (DR2 antagonist) group showed significant differences in GABRα2 and NR1 surface protein expressions compared with the control group. These results suggest that SS regulates the surface GABAand NMDA receptors trafficking on SGN, and the mechanism may involve DR mediation.

Effects of Zishen Yutai Pills on endocrine in DOR rats / 中成药

AIM To study the effects of Zishen Yutai Pills (Codonopsis Radix,Dipsaci Radix,Morindae officinalis Radix,etc.) on endocrine in diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) rats.METHODS Female SD rats with normal oestrous cycle were induced by intragastric administration of 55 mg/(kg · d) tripterygium glycosides for fourteen days to establish DOR model,and then divided into Zishen Yutai Pills high-,low-dose groups,Bujiale group,model control group and negative control group.After 35 days' administration,serum estradiol (E2),follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) levels were detected by ELISA.And ovarian tissue estrogen receptor (ER),follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) expressions were detected by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS Compared with the negative control group,there were significant changes in levels of E2,FSH,LH,P,and expressions of ER,FSHR,LHR in the model control group (P ＜ 0.05),but there were no statistical significances in body weight,ovary index,uterus index and serum FSH/LH level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with the model control group,E2 level was increased in the Zishen Yutai Pills high-,low-dose groups and Bujiale group,FSH,LH levels were decreased,and they also promoted ER expression and restrained FSHR,LHR excessive expressions,which were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).P level was significangly increased in different dose groups (P ＜ 0.05),FSH/LH in the high-dose group was obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and body weight,ovary index,uterus index in various intervening groups showed no statistical significances (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION Zishen Yutai Pills can improve ovarian reserve function in DOR rats by affecting the expression of ovarian tissue hormone receptor and regulating endocrine function.

Interactions between dopamine receptor and NMDA/type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors / 生理学报

Type A γ-aminobutyric acid receptors (GABAAR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) are the major inhibitory and excitatory receptors in the central nervous system, respectively. Co-expression of the receptors in the synapse may lead to functional influence between receptors, namely receptor interaction. The interactions between GABAAR and NMDAR can be either positive or negative. However, the mechanisms of interaction between the two receptors remain poorly understood, and potential mechanisms include (1) through a second messenger; (2) by receptors trafficking; (3) by direct interaction; (4) by a third receptor-mediation. Dopamine is the most abundant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the brain, and its receptors, dopamine receptors (DR) can activate multiple signaling pathways. Earlier studies on the interaction between DR and GABAAR/NMDAR have shown some underlying mechanisms, suggesting that DR could mediate the interaction between GABAAR and NMDAR. This paper summarized some recent progresses in the studies of the interaction between DR and NMDAR/GABAAR, providing a further understanding on the interaction between NMDAR and GABAAR mediated by DR.

Comparison of four domestic quantity assay reagents for detecting the weak-reactive results of HBsAg / 中华肝脏病杂志

To evalue the coincidence and correlation between the four domestic quantity assay reagents and with ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system. 185 weak-reactive serum samples and standard materials of different concentrations were tested by four domestic quantity assay reagents for HBsAg test and ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system. The coincidence, the precision and the correlations between different systems were analyzed. The coincidence rates of the results of 0.05-1.00 IU/ml samples between the four domestic quantity assay reagents and ARCHITECTi2000 immunoassay system were 25.93%, 35.19%, 51.85% and 18.52% respectively, and for those results of more than 1.00 to 10.00 IU/ml samples the coincidence rates were 71.76%, 87.79%, 95.42% and 69.47% respectively. The samples of 0.05 to 0.80 IU/ml weak-reactive serum samples detected by the i2000 system were all negative detected by the four domestic systems. The coincidence rates of more than 7.93 IU/ml serum samples detected by i2000 system were 100% detected by the four domestic systems. The correlations of the four domestic quantity assays were around 0.8629 to 0.9265. The analysis sensitivity of the four domestic quantity assay reagents were below the i2000 system. The results of under 0.80 IU/ml samples detected by i2000 system were disaccord with the results detected by the four domestic systems, whereas for the sapmples over 7.93 IU/ml the results were consistent.

The comparative analysis of AFP and CEA results measured with different methods / 肿瘤

Objective: To determine the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels by different methods and make a quality control plan to increase the comparability of the results. Methods: The serum samples containing different levels of AFP and CEA were collected. External quality control assessment was implemented. The samples were distributed in different laboratories. The participants were requested to perform a conventional assay employed in their laboratories and return their reports in restricted period. The results were classified according to different testing methods and the statistical analysis was performed. Results: Concerning the qualitative assay, the accordance rate was 100% for AFP-negative, -weak positive, and-positive samples; the accordance rate was 100% for CEA-negative samples, 60% for CEA-weak positive samples, and 85% for CEA-positive samples. Concerning the quantitative assay, the coefficient of variation (CV) was in the range of 9.9%-73.9% for AFP and 11.5%-65.3% for CEA. Conclusion: There was not better comparability of AFP and CEA results measured with different methods. The better comparability required higher standard of quality control.